| AGA |
American
Gas Association. |
| AISI |
American
Iron and Steel Institute. |
| ANSI |
American
National Standards Institute. Formerly the ASA American Standards
Assoc. |
| API |
American
Petroleum Institute. |
| ASME |
American
Society for Mechanical Engineers. |
| ASTM |
American
Society of Testing Materials. |
| AWWA |
American
Water Works Association. |
| Bales |
Term
associated with banded lifts of pipe. |
| Barlow's Formula
|
An
equation which shows the relationship of internal pressure to
allowable stress, nominal thickness and diameter. |
| Bevel |
The
angle formed between the prepared edge of the end of the pipe and a
plane perpendicular to the surface of the member. The standard bevel
for line pipe is 30o to facilitate welding. |
| Billet |
A solid
semi finished round or square product that has been hot worked by
forging, rolling or extrusion. For seamless tubular products, the
billet is heated and pierced to form a tube hollow. |
| Black Bare |
Term
associated with pipe surface whereby the pipe will not be coated
with mill spray oil and grease spots and cutting oil will not be
removed. |
| Black Dry |
Term
associated with pipe surface whereby the pipe will not only be
coated with mill spray oil and all grease spots and cutting oil will
be removed by washing. |
| Black Oiled
|
Term
associated with pipe surface whereby material ordered in this manner
is protected with a varnish type oil on the O.D. for temporary
corrosion protection during transit and in short term storage. |
| Black Pipe |
Denotes
lacquered OD finish (as opposed to bare or galvanized) |
| Box |
Internal
(female) threaded end |
| Brinell |
Hardness
testing system which measures indentation of the subject using a
standard weight, shaped point |
| BTC |
Buttress
threaded and coupled |
| Bundles |
Term
associated with practice of packaging NPS 1 1/2" and smaller
pipe. Pieces per bundle vary depending upon size. |
| Burst Test
|
A
destructive hydraulic test employed to determine actual yield
strength and ultimate strength of both seamless and welded pipe. |
| Butt-weld Pipe
|
See
Continuous Weld. |
| Casing |
Pipe
used as a structural retainer for the walls of a drilled hole |
| CFT |
Hundred
foot (sometimes used in pricing, i.e. $425.97/cft vs. $4.2597/ft.)
|
| Chamfer |
A
beveled surface to eliminate an otherwise sharp corner. |
| Chemical
Properties |
Normally
associated with a limited number of chemical elements; however,
depending upon the specification, practically a full analysis may be
required. Minimum or maximum limits are established in Standards. |
| Cold Drawn |
Pipe or
tubing which is pulled through a die to reduce diameter and wall.
This process usually produces closer tolerances and higher strength. |
| Cold Work
|
Deforming
metal plastically at a temperature lower than the recrystallization
temperature. Mechanical or hydraulic expansion employed to achieve
higher mechanical properties. |
| Conduit |
Pipe
serving as a duct for electrical wiring. |
| Continuous Weld
|
In
common usage, a phrase for continuous butt weld. Furnace welded pipe
produced in continuous lengths from coiled skelp and subsequently
cut into individual lengths, having its longitudinal butt joint
forge welded by the mechanical pressure developed in rolling the hot
formed skelp through a series of round pass welding rolls. |
| Coupling |
Threaded
sleeve used to connect two lengths of pipe. |
| Cut Lengths |
Pipe cut
to a specific length as ordered. |
| CW |
Continuous
Weld a method of producing small diameter pipe (1/2 - 4") |
| CWT |
Hundred
Weight. Often used in handling or trucking pricing, i.e. .30/cwt
load out charge or $1.65/cwt (freight) with a minimum such as
30,000#. |
| Die Stamping
|
Permanent
marking placed on pipe as required by some specifications. |
| Double Extra
|
Standard
pipe weight designation (XXS). Sometimes described as XXH (double
extra heavy). |
| Drift |
Minimum
ID clearance verified by pulling a mandrel of known size through a
length of pipe |
| DRL |
Double
Random Length (35' minimum average or as defined in specifications). |
| DSAW |
Double
Submerged Arc Weld. |
| Ductility |
The
ability of a material to deform plastically without fracturing,
being measured by elongation or reduction of area in a tensile test
or by other means. |
| Eddy Current
Testing |
Non
destructive testing method in which eddy current flow is induced in
the test object. Changes in the flow caused by variations in the
object are reflected into a nearby coil or coils for subsequent
analysis by suitable instrumentation and techniques. |
| Elongation |
In
tensile testing, the increase in the gage length, measured after
fracture of the specimen within the gage length, usually expressed
as a percentage of the original gage length. |
| EMI |
Electromagnetic
inspection a method of determining wall thickness and detecting
imperfections in steel tubes |
| ERW |
Electric
Resistance Weld. See High Frequency Welding. |
| EUE |
External
upset ends forging of ends on (API) tubing and drill pipe to provide
additional thickness for strengthening connections |
| EW |
Electric
Weld. See High Frequency Weld. |
| Expanded Pipe
|
Pipe
which has been enlarged circumferentially by mechanical or hydraulic
pressure. |
| Extra Strong |
Standard
pipe weight designation (XS). Sometimes described as XH (extra
heavy). |
| Flattening Test
|
A
quality test for pipe in which a specimen is flattened between
parallel plates that are closed to a specified height. |
| FLD |
Full
Length Drift (as opposed to "end drift") usually performed
as part of used tubing or casing (OCTG) inspection |
| Flush Joint |
Connection
with male and female threads cut directly into the pipe (as opposed
to T&C). This provides the same ID and OD clearance as in the
middle of the tube, once lengths are joined. |
| FOB |
Free On
Board used to denote where pipe is to be provided to the buyer |
| Galvanizing |
Covering
of iron or steel surfaces with a protective layer of zinc (weight
defined in specifications). |
| Hardfacing |
Abrasion
resistant metal applied by welding (usually in strips) on the
surface of softer material to increase wear properties |
| High Frequency
Welding |
A
technique employed in the manufacture of electric resistance weld
pipe. Typical radio frequency power for welding is supplied at
450,000 cycles/sec. |
| Hot Stamp |
Permanent
marking placed on pipe as employed by manufacturer or as established
by specification. |
| Hydrostatic Test
|
Normal
mill test as required by specifications. The pipe ends are sealed
and high pressure water is introduced to predetermined pressures as
required by specifications. |
| I.D. |
Inside
Diameter. |
| Impact Test
|
A test
performed at a specified temperature (usually lower than ambient) to
determine the behavior of materials when subjected to high rates of
loading, usually in bending, tension or torsion. The quantity
measured is the energy absorbed in breaking the specimen by a single
blow, as in a Charpy Test. |
| Ink Mark
|
Continuous
printing identification associated with NPS 1 1/2 and smaller pipe.
Detail is normally limited to the trademark and "Made in USA".
|
| Joint |
One
length of pipe |
| Kip |
A unit
of weight equal to 1,000 pounds used to express dead weight. |
| Lifts |
Term
associated with separated segments of pipe (banded or unbanded for
ease of handling). |
| LS |
Limited
Service pipe not meeting specification, usually rejected at the mill |
| LT |
Loaded
Trucks used in price quotation to indicate seller pays for handling
|
| LTC |
Long
Thread and Coupling (OCTG casing connection) |
| Magnetic Particle
|
One of
several methods of non destructive testing. A non destructive method
of inspection for determining the existence and extent of possible
defects in ferromagnetic materials. Finely divided magnetic
particles, applied to the magnetized part, are attracted to and
outline the pattern of and magnetic leakage fields created by
discontinuities. |
| Magnetic
Properties |
The
properties of a material that reveal its elastic and inelastic
behavior where force is applied, thereby indicating its suitability
for mechanical application; for example, tensile strength,
elongation, hardness and fatigue limit. |
| Mid Weld
|
Two or
more joints welded to form a longer one |
| Nipple |
Short
length of pipe (<12") threaded on both ends |
| Nominal |
Pipe
size or wall thickness as specified (not actual). Sizes refer to
approximate ID, even though OD is the fixed dimension. |
| Normalizing
|
Heating
a ferrous material to a suitable temperature above the
transformation range and then cooling in air to a temperature
substantially below the transformation range. |
| NPS |
A
dimensionless designator for such traditional terms as "nominal
diameter", "size", and "nominal size".
Corresponds to actual outside diameter only in sizes 14 inches and
over. |
| NUE |
Non
upset end OCTG tubing description (not as common as EUE) |
| O.D. |
Outside
Diameter. |
| OCTG |
Oil
Country Tubular Goods pipe made to API specifications |
| Oiled |
See
Black Oiled. |
| PE |
Plain
End |
| PEB |
Plain
End Beveled |
| Pickling
|
Pipe
immersed into acid bath for removal of scale, oil, dirt, etc. |
| Pin |
External
(male) threaded end |
| Protector |
Plastic,
steel or composite cap to protect threads from handling damage |
| PSI |
Pounds
per square inch. |
| PSIG |
Pounds
per square inch gage. |
| R & D |
Reamed
and Drifted. Pipe commonly used in water wells which has a special,
heavy duty coupling and a guaranteed I.D. clearance. |
| Range |
(R1, R2,
R3) lengths of OCTG (Range 1 casing 16-25') (Range 2 casing 25-34')
(Range 3 casing 34-48') (Range 1 tubing 20-24') (Range 2 tubing
28-32') |
| Rockwell Hardness
|
Relative
resistance of a metal to indentation by a diamond cone, as expressed
in hardness scale units (A, B, C or G) |
| SAW |
Submerged
arc weld a method of producing very large OD pipe |
| SC |
Square
cut plain end pipe. |
| Schedule
|
Numbers
assigned to different wall thicknesses of pipe (i.e. sch. 40) |
| SEA |
Special
End Area inspection to check for defects at either end of a steel
tube which is also being inspected electronically. (EMI misses the
ends.) |
| Shoe |
Sub
sometimes run on bottom of casing string with special metallurgy or
design to help pipe to bottom through tight or bridged spots in
drill hole |
| Skelp |
A piece
or strip of metal produced to a suitable thickness, width and edge
configuration, from which welded pipe is made. |
| SMLS |
Seamless. |
| Spec |
Specification
|
| SRL |
Single
Random Length (16-22 ft. for standard weight ASTM pipe or as defined
in specifications). |
| STC |
Short
Thread and Coupling (OCTG casing connection) |
| STD |
Standard
reference to wall thickness of line pipe (=sch. 40 for 1/8 - 10") |
| Stencil |
Paint
spray identification placed on pipe. Specification size, wall,
grade, test pressure, method of manufacture and normal mill
characters and mill identification are usually included; however,
detail varies by specification. "Country of Origin" is
included. |
| Stretch Reduction
|
A
technique employed in the manufacture of continuous weld pipe and in
certain instances in the manufacture of seamless and electric
resistance weld pipe. It involves one or several "master"
sizes which are stretch reduced or rolled under tension through a
number of stands to achieve a variety of standard pipe diameters and
walls. |
| Strip |
A sheet
of metal in which the length is many times the width. |
| Sub |
A short
coupling with different types and/or sizes of ends |
| T&C |
Threaded
and Coupled. |
| T&D |
Tested
and Drifted one method of verifying integrity of used tubing and
casing (OCTG). "Test" refers to hydrostatic: ends are
sealed and water pumped inside to a predetermined pressure. See
drift def. above. |
| TBE |
Threaded
Both Ends. |
| Tensile Strength
|
In
tensile testing, the ratio of maximum load to original cross
sectional area. Also, called ultimate strength. Usually expressed in
pounds per square inch. |
| TO |
Threads
Only. |
| Tolerance |
Specified
allowance (plus or minus) of the given dimension of a finished
product due to inaccuracies in manufacturing; usually quite small
(thousandths of an inch or very small percentage) and often part of
a standard such as ASTM or API. |
| Tool Joint
|
Threaded
tube, usually thicker and harder, welded onto pipe to provide joint
strength and durability exceeding that of flush joint or T&C
connections |
| Tube Round
|
See
Billet. |
| Ultrasonic
|
An
electronic method of non destructive testing utilizing sound waves. |
| Victaulic
|
Joint
grooves in the ends of pipe to accommodate a coupling |
| XHY |
Extra
Heavy pipe about 50% thicker than standard (=sch. 80 for 1/8 - 8")
|
| XXHY |
Double
Extra Heavy twice as thick as xhy for ½ - 6" |
| Yield Strength
|
The
stress at which a material exhibits a specified deviation from
proportionality of stress and strain. An offset of 0.2% is used for
many metals including steels. |
